After the martyrdom of his father, he became the Imam following the God's command and the will of Imam 'Ali (a) and for six months, he managed Muslims' affairs as the caliph of Muslims. Shia beliefs liken this to Prophet Jesus (pbuh), who was called to leadership and his prophetic mission while still a child. Do not live just with wishes that your hearts may be hard. Imam Ja'far b. Muhammad (al-Sadiq), son of the fifth Imam (a) was born in 83/702 and was poisoned and martyred by the inducement of Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur al-'Abbasi at the age of 65. 'Ali (a) never retreated in any battle or turned away from any enemies and did not disobey the Prophet (s) in any issues, as the Prophet (s) said, "'Ali (a) never separates from the truth and the truth never separates from 'Ali (a)". During the rituals of hajj, Imam (a) was informed that some of the agents of Yazid had entered Mecca wearing the clothes of hajj pilgrims and were ordered to kill the Imam (a). Soon, Imam al-Husayn (a), his family and his few companions were surrounded by circles of 30,000 armed soldiers. Shia Youth Inc. is a non profit organization having tax exempt status under IRS Section 501 3 (c). Shiite tradition says that Al-Ma’mun was pleased with this answer and asked the child about his lineage. Quds ⢠[30], During those days, the Imam (a) strengthened the position of his companions and refined them. 'Ali (a), Ja'far b. Muhammad (a), Musa b. Ja'far (a), 'Ali b. Musa (a), Muhammad b. The Battle of Karbala was so effective in the history of Islam in a way that in a long term it caused the government of Umayyads to be toppled. ", Proofs for Imamate have always been an important topic of books for Twelver Shi'a and Shi'a scholars have many works with different approaches about that. ⦠[44], Al-Mansur al-'Abbasi ordered his agents to arrest Imam al-Sadiq (a) in Medina. Be merciful to the weak and ask for mercy from God by being merciful yourselves!”. Shiâa Muslims believe that imams are leaders appointed by ⦠Ray: Shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani, Eid al-Fitr ⦠Eid al-Ghadir ⦠Eid al-Adha ⦠Rabi' I 17 ⦠Mid-Sha'ban ⦠Bi'tha, Fatimiyya ⦠Muharram ⦠Mourning procession ⦠Tasu'a ⦠'Ashura' ⦠Arba'in, Mubahala ⦠Event of Ghadir ⦠Incident of Saqifa ⦠Fadak ⦠Events of Lady Fatima's House Battle of Jamal ⦠Battle of Siffin ⦠Battle of Nahrawan ⦠Event of Karbala ⦠Hadith al-Thaqalayn ⦠Ashab al-Kisa' ⦠Al-Tathir Verse, The Four Books: Al-Istibsar ⦠Al-Kafi ⦠Tahdhib al-ahkam ⦠Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih ⦠Mushaf of Fatima (a) ⦠Mushaf of Imam 'Ali (a) ⦠Wasa'il al-Shi'a ⦠Bihar al-anwar ⦠Al-Ghadir ⦠Mafatih al-jinan ⦠Majma' al-bayan ⦠Al-Mizan fi tafsir al-Qur'an, Imamiyya ⦠Isma'iliyya ⦠Zaydiyya ⦠Kaysaniyya. Imam Al-Jawad (a.s.) lived about 25 years. He (a) was superior to anyone in all religious merits and was distinguished among the companions and on several occasions, such as the event of Ghadir, when the Prophet (s) introduced him as the caliph after himself, but people him aside from caliphate with the excuse that he (a) was young and had spilled much blood in the battles of the Prophet (s) which had earned him numerous enemies. [14], On the day the Prophet (s) passed away, 'Ali (a) was 33 years old. Soon thereafter, the Caliph called together a large gathering during which Imam al-Jawad (a.s.)was asked many questions, and astonished everyone with his judgment and learning. The Ismaili line of Imams continues undivided till Mustansir Billah (d. 1094), after which it divides into the Nizari and Mustali sects. 551/1156 or 553/1158) in which he has praised every one of the Imams (a).[64]. Then my prayer would be answered and my problem would be solved.â. Day of 'Ashura' After a while, the Imam (a) returned to Medina and stayed there until the end of al-Ma'mun's rule. Any question, please email to: [email protected] Shia Youth Inc. accepts all donations via PayPal (Friends &Family), Zelle, Bank transfers or by Checks mailed to: Also, this fact that Shi'a believed in imamate was known to everyone and Imams (a) were soon found; thus, caliphate kept them under surveillance more than before and tried to kill them in any way possible. 'Abd al-Malik following the inducement of Hisham, the Umayyad caliph. Imam Kazim (AS) 8. When al-Jawad was four, his father received summons from the Abbasid Caliph, al-Ma’mun, asking him to be al-Ma’mun’s successor. Prayer 'Ali (a) accompanied the Prophet (s) in Medina too, where he (a) married lady Fatima (s), the Prophet's (s) daughter. Upon hearing this, his father wrote a letter advising his son not to listen to those who told him not to use the house’s main gate. He was also called Abu Ja’far, Ibn al-Ridha (“the son of al-Ridha); al-JawÄd (“the generous”), and al-TaqÄ« (“the pious”). Shia rather check whether his/her hadith is right or wrong, since all people are fallible except Prophet Mohammed (saw), Fatima Zahra (as) and 12 Imams (as). [citation needed]. Twelver Shiites believe that based on rational arguments as well as traditional evidence, such as the massively transmitted Hadith al-Ghadir and Hadith al-Manzila, the immediate rightful successor of the Prophet (s) was Ali b. Abi Talib (a). After the Third Caliph was killed, people gave allegiance to 'Ali (a) and chose him as the caliph.[15]. Also, there are many hadiths from the Prophet (s) in hadith references about the imamate of Imam Ali (a) who is the first Imam (a). If one of your uncles asks you to be pious to him, do not give him less than fifty dinars, and you may give him more if you want. 'Ali (a), al-Husayn b. [43], During his 34 years of imamate, Imam al-Sadiq (a) distributed religious teachings and educated many scholars in different traditional and rational sciences such as Zurara, Muhammad b. Muslim, Mu'min al-Taq, Hisham b. Hakam, Aban b. Taghlib, Hisham b. Salim, Hariz, Hisham Kalbi Nasaba, Jabir b. Hayyan and others and even some Sunni scholars were honored to benefit from his classes such as Sufyan al-Thawri, Abu Hanifa (leader of Hanafi school), Qadi Sakuni, Qadi Abu l-Bakhtari and others. Shia Islamic Calendar with important events. This prompted al-Ma’mun to stop his carriage and ask, “Boy, what kept you from running away with the others?” Imam Al-Jawad (a.s.) replied, “The road was not so narrow that I should fear there would not be room for you to pass, and I have not been guilty of any offence that I should be afraid, and I considered that you were the sort of man who would not injure one who had done no wrong.” Shiite traditions say that the Caliph was delighted, and after he had traveled a short distance, one of his hunting birds brought him a small fish. 23 hours ago. Proving the imamate of the Twelve Imams (a) based on hadith has also been a focus of Twelver Shi'a theologians and many important theological works have been dedicated to this topic. In addition to religious authority, Imams (a) have the political leadership of the society. He first offered caliphate and then succession to power to the Imam (a), but for both, the Imam (a) brought excuses and refused his offer. He was finally poisoned and martyred by the order of al-Mansur. Al-Mansur kept Imam al-Sadiq (a) under surveillance for a while and wanted to kill him but finally let the Imam (a) return to Medina and the Imam (a) lived the rest of his life in isolation, practicing Taqiyya (precautionary dissimulation). Imam Mahdi (AS) Contact Us 'Ali (a), 'Ali b. Muhammad (a), al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) and after him, his son who has the same name and teknonym as me.â, In addition to Shi'a hadiths, there are certain hadiths narrated in Sunni sources referring to twelve caliphs or imams after the Prophet (s). One year after marriage with Caliph Al-Ma’muns daughter, Imam al-Jawad (a.s.) came back to Medina with his wife and devoted his life to teaching. His period of imamate was partly contemporary with the Abbasid caliph Harun, then with his son al-Amin and later with Harun's other son al-Ma'mun. In Shia eschatology (theology of the destiny of man), Imam Mahdi is the Saviour or Messiah, the prophesied redeemer, who will revive peace, administer justice and rid the world of evil. [19], Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) and his brother, Imam al-Husayn (a), were two sons of Imam 'Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (s). All historians had explained that Ma’mun had asked Imam al-Jawad (a.s.)to marry his daughter Ummul Fadhl because he had been the pioneer of his contemporary elites. In the Shiite view, the Imams (a) have the duties of the Prophet (s) such as explaining the Quran, teaching religious rulings, training the members of society, answering religious questions, establishing justice in society, and protecting Islam. Among its short term effects were the revolutions and revolts which lasted 12 years and not a single person who participated in the murder of the Imam (a) were able to escape the revenge. — Holy Prophet (pbuh) And Ahlul Bayt (as). About the explicit mentioning of the Twelve Imams (a), there are works such as Ibn 'Ayyash al-Jawhari's Muqtadab al-athar (d. 401/1010) and al-Khazzaz al-Qummi's Kifayat al-athar (late 4th/10th century) in which their authors have made efforts to collect narrations about the explicit mentioning of the Twelve Imams (a) from different Shi'a and Sunni sources. [18], In bravery, he (a) was an exemplar and he was unique in piety and worshiping God. Tawalli [53], Imam 'Ali b. Muhammad (titled as al-Naqi and al-Hadi), son of the ninth Imam (a) was born in Medina in 212/828 and (according to Shi'a reports) was poisoned and martyred by the Abbasid caliph, al-Mu'tazz, in 254/868. Safavid To actualize this plot, he summoned Imam (a) in 200/816 from Medina to Merv. On the other hand, the occurrence of the Battle of Karbala and that the Ahl al-Bayt (a) were oppressed, made Muslims attracted to them and brought the Imam (a) such good opportunities to distribute Islamic teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) that none of the Imams (a) had in the past and this is proved by the many hadiths narrated from him.[41]. Mashhad ⢠“Knowledgeable persons are strangers because of the many ignorant people around them.” It also strengthened the roots of Shi'a. During Mu'awiya's caliphate which lasted 10 years, Imam al-Hasan (a) lived having great hardships and not being safe even in his own house. These Imams (a) are appointed by God and have divine knowledge, infallibility and the right of intercession [for people] and one can get closer to God through making tawassul to them. The 10th of Muharram 61/680, the Imam (a) and his few companions (less than 90 people, 40 of whom were old companions of the Imam (a), thirty some others joined the Imam (a) from the enemy's army and the rest were Hashimi relatives of the Imam (a), including his children, nephews and cousins) stood against the countless number of enemy's army and the war began. Ibn Hibban, a prominent Sunni traditionist in the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, is reported to have said, âWhen I was in Tus, whenever I had a problem, I would visit the grave of Ali b. Musa al-Rida (a) and pray there. This may come as a surprise, but there are a shockingly high amount of Muslims who have somehow been convinced that Shia Muslims do not pray to God (Astaghfirullah), and instead pray to Imam Ali or Imam Hussein or somehow do not pray to ⦠During the next annual pilgrimage (Hajj), a number of prominent men from around the Islamic world came to Medina to see Imam al-Jawad (a.s.), and another assembly was held. He (a) was once again arrested and chained by the order of the Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Malik and brought from Medina back to Syria and returned to Medina later again. [16], As witnessed in the history and reported by his friends and enemies, Imam 'Ali (a) did not lack anything in human perfections and in Islamic merits, he was a perfect exemplar of the Prophet's (s) education. Imam al-Baqir (a) was born in 57/733 and was 4 years old in the Battle of Karbala. Verses of the Qur'an have discussed the issue of imamate without mentioning the names of the Imams (a); such as the verses of Uli al-Amr, Tathir, al-Wilaya, al-Ikmal, al-Tabligh and al-Sadiqin. Imam Al-Mahdi (a.s) is the living but concealed Imam. Some Sunni scholars would visit the graves of the Imams of the Shi'a seeking their intercession, such as Abu Ali Khallal in the third/ninth century who said, âWhenever I had a problem, I would visit the grave of Musa b. Ja'far and ask him for intercession, and thus my problem would be solved.â It is reported that Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Khuzayma, the Sunni jurist, traditionist, and exegete of the third and fourth/tenth centuries, visited the grave of Imam al-Rida (a) many times and the degree of respect that he showed to the Imam (a) there would surprise people. Abu Talib adopted the Prophet (s) in his childhood and raised him in his house. They lived there for a year before Imam al-Jawad’s (a.s.) wife (Al-Ma’mun’s daughter), according to some sources, poisoned him, at the urging of the new Caliph Al-Mu’tasim. The Promised Mahdi (a) (usually titled as "Imam al-'Asr" and "Sahib al-Zaman") is son of the Eleventh Imam (a) whose name and teknonym was the same as the Prophet's (s). [50] After such an achievement, killing Imam (a) would not be difficult for al-Ma'mun. On the other hand, when Shi'a saw their Imam's (a) connection with the caliphate and its rulers that he (a) had regarded as impure before, they will lose their belief and spiritual love for Imams (a) and thus their religious organization would fall and there would be no more threats from their side for the caliphate. Imam al-Mahdi'a (a) occultation is divided in two periods: Sunnis do not regard the Twelve Imams of the ShiÊ¿a as the rightful successors of the Prophet (s) but nevertheless love them as his descendants. [5] Among the most famous of these hadiths are Hadith al-Thaqalayn, Hadith al-Manzila, Hadith al-Safina, Hadith Yawm al-Dar, Hadith Madinat al-'Ilm, Hadith al-Tayr al-Mashwiy, Hadith al-Rayat, Hadith al-Kisa', Hadith of Jabir, and Hadith of the Twleve Caliphs. [57], Al-Hasan b. Kadhimiya: Shrine of al-Kazimayn (a) Shia Youth Inc., 15216 Rockport Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20905. He was alive until after beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission and supported the Prophet (s) and protected him against the threats posed by Arab disbelievers and especially Quraysh. In response, Imam al-Ridha (a.s.) used to tell the story of Prophet Jesus (pbuh), who had become a prophet at a much younger age. She bore him a son and a successor, Ali al-Hadi, who would be the tenth Shiite Imam). Samarra ⢠"[31], At the end of 9th day of Muharram, the enemy gave the Imam (a) the final deadline and he (a) asked them for one more night and kept the night vigil and worshiped. His mother whose name was Habibi was, according to some scholars, a bondmaid from Nubia (Sudan). Based on this verse and other evidence, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, the great Sunni theologian and exegete of the sixth/twelfth]] century, maintained that it is obligatory to love Ali (a), Fatima (a), and their children. The Prophet (s) responded, âThose are my successors and the leaders of Muslims after me; the first of them is Ali b. Abi Talib, and after him al-Hasan, al-Husayn, 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a), Muhammad b. [36], After passing the term of captivity, Imam al-Sajjad (a) was returned to Medina respectfully by the order of Yazid to avoid the public rage. Kulaini recounted that the superintendent of the Shrine gave Imam al-Jawad (a.s.) a test that “lasted for several days, in which he answered thirty thousand questions to their great amazement!”. For instance, it is reported that Abu Hanifa, the founder of the Hanafi legal school, said, âI never saw anyone more knowledgeable in religion than Ja'far b. Muhammad.â The same statement is reported to have been said by Muhammad b. Muslim b. Shihab al-Zuhri, an outstanding Sunni jurist and traditionist of the first/seventh and second/eighth centuries, with regard to Imam al-Sajjad (a). After his great father, he (a) became the imam following the command of God and as his forefathers had mentioned. IMAM ASTONISHED CHIEF JUSTICE BY HIS ANSWERS: According to Shiite beliefs, Yahya ibn Aktham, the Chief Justice of the Abbasid Empire, was present at al-Ma’mun’s assembly, and wanted to try Imam al-Jawad (a.s.) in al-Ma’mun’s presence. Imam al-Rida (a) was buried in Tus which is now located in the suburb of Mashhad, in North-east of Iran. IMAM AL-JAWAD (a.s.) POISONED BY CALIPH AL-MU’TASIM: After al-Ma’mun’s death in CE 883, his successor, Al-Mu’tasim, became the new Caliph. Until then, the policy of the Abbasid caliphate towards supporters of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) was aggressive and every once in a while one of the 'Alawi movements made an uprising and it was a trouble for the government. They adduce some hadiths in this regard, such as the one which reads, "By God, there is none of us but murdered and martyred. The current Imam is Mahdi (who is alive and waiting Allah's order to come back from absence) According to Sunna. Imam (a) was arrested once before by the order of the Abbasid caliph Saffah and brought to Iraq and before that, he (a) was also arrested in the presence of Imam al-Baqir (a) by the order of the Umayyad caliph Hisham and brought to Damascus. Then he took him (a) from Medina to Basra and from Basra to Baghdad. The Historical Development of Shi'ism - Imams To Jurists.
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